4.4.1.5   Short-Term Effectiveness -- Alternative 1

The potential short-term effectiveness of the HTTD technology
application involves worker safety considerations and potential
community exposure.  The technology's impact on these areas is
discussed below.

Worker Safety

Worker safety considerations associated with application of HTTD
systems can be grouped in two categories: (1) general site
hazards and (2) potential chemical hazards.  General site hazards
include the following:

          Heavy equipment hazards

          Occupational noise exposure

          Potential slip, trip, or fall hazards

          Potential for contact with underground or overhead
          mechanical and electrical hazards or utility lines

          Airborne dust hazards

          Potential splashing of hazardous liquids

          Heat and cold stress

Exposure to physical hazards is reduced by providing (1)
appropriate safety equipment for noise, dust, and liquid
exposure, and (2) awareness training to orient personnel with the
physical hazards in the workplace. 

Potential chemical hazards include inhalation, absorption,
ingestion, and contact with constituents of concern in
contaminated material.  For HTTD systems, the likelihood for
these types of exposure is highest during handling of untreated
wastes and waste oil.  Exposure to chemical hazards can be
reduced by conducting waste and oil handling in well-ventilated
areas, providing appropriate health and safety equipment, and
conducting ambient air and personnel monitoring.

Potential Community Exposure

Potential community exposure to health hazards from the
application of an HTTD system could include exposure to stack gas
and fugitive dust emissions.  These potential exposures can be
minimized by developing standards for stack gas and dust
emissions at each site.  These standards must be approved by EPA,
IDEM, and local authorities before remediation begins. 
Compliance with the standards should be demonstrated during POP
testing and by testing during remedial activities.  Potential
community exposure to stack gas and fugitive dust emissions are
discussed below.

Exposure to Stack Gas Emissions

Exposure to stack gas emissions primarily depends on (1) the
concentration of contaminants in stack gas emissions and (2) the
proximity of the treatment system to potential receptors.  Stack
gas samples typically are collected during initial POP testing at
the beginning of treatment operations and during other testing. 
Stack gas sampling results from the Waukegan Harbor, Re-Solve,
and Acme sites are presented in Table 4-5.  Before an HTTD system
is designed or selected, additional waste characterization data
are required to select the appropriate APC equipment.  Cyclones,
baghouses, or venturi scrubbers are typically used to remove
particulates in the off-gas from the HTTD unit; and direct-
contact scrubbers, condensers, chillers, and carbon adsorption
systems are typically used to remove organics from the vapor
stream.  Volatile metals and acid gases are typically treated
using an acid gas scrubber.  Site-specific equipment and stack
testing would be required if HTTD is used to treat the
contaminated materials from the six CD sites.

                                 
The proposed CTF is located in a predominantly rural area that is
7 miles southwest of the City of Bloomington.  Approximately
1,500 people live in the site area, which has an area of 7 square
miles and is defined as the two census block groups immediately
adjacent to the site.  Residents in the area may potentially be
exposed to emissions from the HTTD system stack.  Testing and air
dispersion modeling is required to ensure that the community
would not be exposed to harmful concentrations of chemicals from
the stack.

Exposure to Fugitive Dust Emissions

Fugitive emissions are a concern at the feed and discharge points
of the HTTD system.  Fugitive emissions at the feed point may
include VOC and SVOC vapors and particulates containing SVOCs and
metals.  Fugitive emissions from the discharge point may contain
particulate metals.  Fugitive emissions at the feed point of the
HTTD would be controlled by enclosing screens and feed conveyors,
and fugitive emissions from the discharge point of the HTTD
system should be controlled by quenching hot, dry solids. 
Because the soil and sediment to be treated contains a
significant amount of fines, an enclosed conveyor should be used
to transport soils from the HTTD processor to a roll-off box or
similar container to reduce the potential for dust emissions.