2.0     SITE PROFILES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
     2.1       ANDERSON ROAD LANDFILL. . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
          2.1.1          Site Description. . . . . . . . . . .2-3
          2.1.2          Site History. . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
          2.1.3          Nature of Contamination . . . . . . .2-4
          2.1.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements . .2-4
     2.2       BENNETT STONE QUARRY. . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
          2.2.1          Site Description. . . . . . . . . . .2-4
          2.2.2          Site History. . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
          2.2.3          Nature of Contamination . . . . . . .2-8
          2.2.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements . .2-8
     2.3       LEMON LANE LANDFILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
          2.3.1          Site Description. . . . . . . . . . .2-8
          2.3.2          Site History. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
          2.3.3          Nature of Contamination . . . . . . 2-12
          2.3.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements . 2-12
     2.4       NEAL'S DUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
          2.4.1          Site Description. . . . . . . . . . 2-12
          2.4.2          Site History. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
          2.4.3          Nature of Contamination . . . . . . 2-15
          2.4.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements . 2-17
     2.5       NEAL'S LANDFILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
          2.5.1          Site Description. . . . . . . . . . 2-17
          2.5.2          Site History. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
          2.5.3          Nature of Contamination . . . . . . 2-20
          2.5.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements . 2-20
     2.6       WINSTON-THOMAS SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT . . . . 2-22
          2.6.1          Site Description. . . . . . . . . . 2-22
          2.6.2          Site History. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
          2.6.3          Nature of Contamination . . . . . . 2-25
          2.6.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements . 2-25
     2.7       SUMMARY OF MATERIALS TO BE TREATED. . . . . . 2-27
          2.7.1          Physical Characteristics of Contaminated
               Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
               2.7.1.1        Soil and Rock. . . . . . . . . 2-28
               2.7.1.2        Sludge . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
               2.7.1.3        Sediment . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
               2.7.1.4        Solid Waste. . . . . . . . . . 2-29
          2.7.2          Volume of Contaminated Materials. . 2-32
          2.7.3          Chemical Characteristics of Primary
               Contaminants of Concern . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34
               2.7.3.1        Polychlorinated Biphenyls. . . 2-34
               2.7.3.2        Dioxins and Furans . . . . . . 2-35

              LIST OF TABLES

2-1 ANDERSON ROAD LANDFILL SITE CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS. . .2-5
2-2 BENNETT STONE QUARRY SITE CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS. . . .2-9
2-3 LEMON LANE LANDFILL SITE CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS . . . 2-13
2-4 NEAL'S DUMP SITE CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS . . . . . . . 2-16
2-5 NEAL'S LANDFILL SITE CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS . . . . . 2-21
2-6 WINSTON-THOMAS SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT SITE
        CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS............................2-26
2-7 GENERAL COMPONENTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE . . . . . . . 2-31
2-9 VOLUME ESTIMATES FOR MATERIAL FROM THE SIX SITES. . . . . 2-33
2-10 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AROCLORS . . . . . . 2-36
2-11 ESTIMATED DIOXIN AND FURAN BOILING POINTS. . . . . . . . 2-38
                                                     
                                
                2.0     SITE PROFILES

Westinghouse is required to remove and treat an estimated 627,000
yd3 of PCB-contaminated material from six sites located in the
Bloomington, Indiana, area (see Figure 2-1).  These sites are the
Anderson Road Landfill, Bennett Stone Quarry, Lemon Lane Landfill,
Neal's Dump, Neal's Landfill, and Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment
Plant.  Limited information concerning the description and history
of each of the sites was obtained from the "Preliminary Data
Evaluation and Pathway Analyses Report for Consent Decree"
prepared by the Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH) (ISDH
1994).  The report also identifies the nature of contamination at
each site.  Thorough investigations of the six sites have not been
conducted; however, limited environmental sampling activities have
been conducted at all of the six sites.  The "Preliminary Data
Evaluation and Pathway Analyses Report for Consent Decree"
presents the concentration range or maximum concentration of PCBs
and other contaminants that have been detected at concentrations
of concern at the six sites.  ISDH identifies a chemical as a
contaminant of concern based on the following factors:

      -   The comparison of on- and off-site chemical
          concentrations with public health assessment comparison
          values for (1) noncarcinogenic endpoints and
          (2) carcinogenic endpoints

      -   A chemical has no comparison value that may be toxic to
          humans at specified levels

      -   An evaluation of the field data quality, laboratory
          data quality, and sampling network design

      -   Community health concerns related to a particular
          chemical

Other contaminants have been detected in environmental media at
concentrations that do not present a risk to human health or the
environment.  However, it is possible that the source of these
contaminants, such as landfilled wastes and the tertiary sludge
lagoon, contain the contaminants at significantly higher
concentrations.  The CD has not established cleanup goals or
objectives for any of the other contaminants except for PCBs.  

Sections 2.1 through 2.6 below describe the six sites and discuss
site history, nature of site contamination, and Phase II
remediation requirements for each site.  The final section,
Section 2.7, summarizes the materials to be treated.

2.1       ANDERSON ROAD LANDFILL

The sections below describe the Anderson Road Landfill site, its
site history, nature of contamination, and remediation
requirements for the site as specified in the CD.

2.1.1          Site Description

The Anderson Road Landfill site, currently known as the Monroe
County Landfill, is a sanitary landfill located 11 miles northeast
of Bloomington in Monroe County, Indiana.  The site is located in
a sparsely populated area where 30 to 45 people reside within a
0.5-mile radius of the site.  No schools, nursing homes, parks, or
hospitals are located in the site vicinity.

Data logs of private wells within a 1-mile radius of the site
indicate that most wells penetrate into and derive very little
water from the shale and siltstone bedrock.  Washington Township
Water Company  supplies water to all homes in the area.   

2.1.2          Site History

In the 1960s and 1970s, a 0.75-acre area at the Anderson Road
Landfill site was used by Westinghouse to dispose of PCB-
contaminated capacitors and materials.  Only the portion of the
site where the PCB-contaminated materials were disposed of is
required to be remediated under the CD.  In 1987, 4,847 tons of
PCB-contaminated materials were removed from the Anderson Road
Landfill site and transported to the ISF at the Winston-Thomas
Sewage Treatment Plant.  In addition, an on-site pond was drained,
and water and silt removed from the pond were transported to the
ISF and a tertiary treatment lagoon at the Winston-Thomas Sewage
Treatment Plant.  Other interim measure activities included
regrading, backfilling, and placing a clay cap on all excavated
areas.  A soil cover was placed on top of the final clay cap to
support vegetation.

In 1989, IDEM approved a request from Monroe County to use the
Anderson Road Landfill site to dispose of solid waste as part of
the Monroe County Landfill operations.  The landfill is currently
being used for solid waste disposal.

2.1.3          Nature of Contamination

Past air, surface soil, subsurface soil, soil gas, surface water,
and groundwater investigations have shown that PCBs,
heptachlorodibenzofuran, and heptachlorodibenzodioxin are present
at concentrations of concern in materials removed from the
Anderson Road Landfill site (ISDH 1994).  Table 2-1 summarizes the
contaminated media and concentration ranges for these contaminants
of concern.  In addition, a variety of volatile organic compounds
(VOC) were detected at low concentrations at the site.  Although
VOCs were detected at low concentrations, they may potentially be
present in contaminated media at higher concentrations.   Appendix
D presents a summary of all compounds detected during field
investigations at the Anderson Road Landfill site. 

2.1.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements

Remedial action of PCB-contaminated materials at the Anderson Road
Landfill site was completed in 1987.  Currently, 4,847 tons of
contaminated material from the Anderson Road Landfill site are
being stored at the ISF at the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment
Plant.  In addition, an on-site pond was drained, and water and
silt removed from the pond were transported to the ISF and a
tertiary treatment lagoon at the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment
Plant.  The CD requires that the material that was transferred to
the ISF and tertiary treatment lagoon be treated during Phase II
remediation.

2.2       BENNETT STONE QUARRY

The sections below describe the Bennett Stone Quarry site, its
site history, nature of contamination, and remediation
requirements for the site as specified in the CD.  

2.2.1          Site Description

The Bennett Stone Quarry site (Figure 2-2), also known as
Bennett's Dump, is located in a sparsely populated area of central
Monroe County, Indiana.  The site was historically used for quarry
operations and currently consists of a 3.5-acre main fill area; an
adjacent, smaller 0.5-acre fill area; and a very small fill area
north of the other two fill areas (see Figure 2-2).  Previously,
the site also contained a pond; however, the pond was covered in
1983 during a federal emergency cleanup action.  An active stone
mill lies within 50 feet of the southwest corner of the site. 
Agricultural and cattle farms are located west and northwest of
the site.  Light manufacturing and some retail businesses are also
present in the area.  

Star Quarry, an active limestone quarry, is immediately east of
the site and has been occasionally used by local residents for
swimming and hiking.  Stout Creek, formerly used by local
residents for watering cattle and swimming, runs north along the
west side of the site.  A residential development has been
proposed in the area immediately west of Stout Creek across from
the site.  

The Bennett Stone Quarry site is located on relatively flat
terrain with moderate slopes.  Limestone, fine-grained calcite,
and grey-black shale underlie the soil layer at the site. 
Groundwater is 2.5 to 
14 feet below ground surface (bgs) and flows west-northwest toward
Stout Creek.   
  
2.2.2          Site History

From 1966 to 1980, the Bennett Stone Quarry site was used for
dumping and scavenging PCB-contaminated electrical capacitors
manufactured by Westinghouse.  Other unknown industrial,
commercial, and construction wastes were also disposed of at the
Bennett Stone Quarry site.  In early 1983, the site was revealed
through a citizen complaint to the Monroe County Health
Department. 

In May 1983, EPA conducted a site assessment that resulted in a
federal emergency cleanup action in June 1983.  This action
included (1) removal of 252 capacitors and grossly contaminated
surface soils; (2) aerial photographic, geophysical, and soil
sampling surveys to determine the extent of PCB contamination; (3)
construction of a 14- to 16-inch thick clay cap and 6-inch thick
soil cover over the site; and (4) installation of security fencing
around portions of the contaminated areas.  In September 1984, the
site was listed on the NPL.

To comply with the interim remedial measures defined in the CD,
Westinghouse has posted PCB warning signs along the length of
Stout Creek bordering the site and maintained the integrity of the
clay and vegetative cap over the site.  Also, in accordance with
the CD, PCB-contaminated stream sediments were removed by
hydrovacuum from Stout Creek in 1987 and placed in the ISF at the
Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant.

2.2.3          Nature of Contamination

Past air, surface soil, subsurface soil, surface water, and
groundwater investigations have shown that PCBs are present at
concentrations of concern at the Bennett Stone Quarry site.  Table
2-2 summarizes the media and concentration ranges for these
contaminants of concern.   Appendix D presents a summary of all
compounds detected during field investigations at the Bennett
Stone Quarry site.

2.2.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements

The CD requires Westinghouse to excavate all PCB-contaminated
material within the boundaries identified in Figure 2-2, including
an additional 2 feet of soil below the solid waste.  In areas
where less than 2 feet of soil underlie the solid waste,
Westinghouse is required to excavate all soil until bedrock is
reached.  Excavation of any large, quarried limestone blocks
within the boundaries of the site will be left on site.  According
to the CD, an estimated 55,000 yd3 of material is to be excavated
from the Bennett Stone Quarry site.

2.3       LEMON LANE LANDFILL

The sections below describe the Lemon Lane Landfill site, its site
history, nature of contamination, and remediation requirements for
the site as specified in the CD.  

2.3.1          Site Description

The Lemon Lane Landfill site (Figure 2-3) is a 10-acre landfill
located on the northwest side of the City of Bloomington in Monroe
County, Indiana.  A residential neighborhood is adjacent to the
site to the east and within 1,000 feet of a residential
neighborhood to the southwest.  A railroad line and a cemetery
border the site on the south.  Undeveloped land owned by
Westinghouse extends several hundred feet west of the site.  The
Bennett Stone Quarry site lies approximately 0.75 mile northwest
of the site.  A wooded area borders the site on the north. 
Approximately 300 residences are located within a 2,000 foot
radius of the site.  Areas of sensitive population are located
within a 1- to 1.5-mile radius of the site, including students at
schools.  Indiana University is located 2 miles east of the site.  

Soils at the site consist of fill material and native soils
ranging in depth from 10.5 to 43 feet bgs.  Soil beneath the fill
is made up of indigenous red clay.  St. Louis Limestone and Salem
Limestone underlie the soil.  Karst and other surface water
features identified around the landfill include numerous small
sinkholes, caves, three creeks, fourteen perennial springs,
fourteen intermittent springs, and one sinking stream.  Bedrock
dips southwest at approximately 30 feet per mile.  

A shallow aquifer located at approximately 27 to 38 feet bgs and a
deep aquifer at 110 to 123 feet bgs are present beneath the site. 
Groundwater flow within the shallow zone during low-flow
conditions is interpreted to flow southeast and eventually drain
at a series of springs.  During low-flow periods, groundwater in
the deep aquifer flows north and northwest.  During high-flow
periods, flow is southeast and north to northeast.  Residences and
businesses within the immediate vicinity and downgradient of the
site are served by a municipal water supply.

2.3.2          Site History

In 1933, the Lemon Lane Landfill site was opened as a refuse dump
in a large, elongated, compound sinkhole and valley approximately
30 feet deep.  From 1950 to 1964, the City of Bloomington operated
the municipal waste landfill, accepting PCB-contaminated
electrical capacitors from Westinghouse from 1957 to 1964.  During
its operation, no records of types or quantities of waste disposed
of at this site were kept (ISDH 1994).  The site was not used for
disposal after 1984.  In June 1983, EPA installed a security fence
around the perimeter of the site.  The site was placed on the NPL
in September 1983.  In May 1987, interim removal and remedial
actions began pursuant to the CD.  After clearing the site of all
trees and vegetation, Westinghouse removed exposed capacitors and
transported them to the ISF.  The eroded southern slope of the
landfill was stabilized with a clay cap, and the entire site was
covered with a synthetic liner.  Approximately 30,000 tons of
clean fill and a 36-mil plastic membrane cover were placed over
the synthetic liner.

In the summer of 1987 as part of the interim remedial measure,
Westinghouse began hydrogeological investigations at the site
requiring the installation of three on-site groundwater monitoring
wells and two additional off-site monitoring wells.  In September
1987, installation of gas collection and filter systems completed
the interim remedial measure.

2.3.3          Nature of Contamination

Past air, surface soil, subsurface soil, surface water, sediment,
and groundwater investigations have shown that aluminum, cadmium,
2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene, PCBs, tetrachloroethene, and
trichloroethylene are present at concentrations of concern at the
Lemon Lane Landfill site.  Table 2-3 summarizes the contaminated
media and concentration ranges for these contaminants of concern. 
In addition, a variety of other VOCs, metals, dioxins, and furans
were detected at low concentrations at the site.  Although these
contaminants were detected at low concentrations, they may
potentially be present in contaminated media at higher
concentrations.   Appendix D presents a summary of all compounds
detected during field investigations at the Lemon Lane Landfill
site.

2.3.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements

Westinghouse is required to excavate  the material within the
boundaries identified in Figure 2-3.  Westinghouse will conduct a
sampling program to identify any remaining PCB-contaminated
materials after completion of excavation.  If remaining solid
waste or soil contains PCBs in concentrations equal to or greater
than 50 ppm, Westinghouse is also required to excavate and treat
these materials.  According to the CD, an estimated 176,000 yd3 of
material is to be excavated from the Lemon Lane Landfill site.

2.4       NEAL'S DUMP

The sections below describe the Neal's Dump site, its site
history, nature of contamination, and remediation requirements for
the site as specified in the CD.

2.4.1          Site Description

The Neal's Dump site (Figure 2-4) is a 0.5-acre dump located in 
Owen County, Indiana.  The City of Spencer, population 2,609, is
approximately 4 miles north of the site.  The primary land use in
this rural area is agricultural, although the site is located in a
small residential area.  The nearest commercial area is located
more than 1 mile from the site, and the nearest recreational area
is located more than 2 miles from the site.  Private residences
are located within 1,000 feet of the site, the nearest residence
bordering the site to the south.  An estimated population of 954
resides within a 3-mile radius of the site, and approximately 65
individuals reside within a 0.25-mile radius of the site.

Three aquifers underlie the site.  A shallow, unconfined aquifer
exists in the uppermost sandy silt unit at 12 to 15 feet bgs and
flows from the site through a drainage ditch north of the site. 
The middle aquifer is located in a deeper sand unit at 37 to 45
feet bgs.  The deep aquifer is in the lowest sand layer and flows
west toward the White River, which is interpreted to be the
discharge boundary for the deep aquifer.  About 1,000 people
within 3 miles of the site use private well water as a source of
drinking water.  No municipal water source is available.  There
are 49 wells within 1 mile of the site.  The closest well is 50
feet from the site.

Surface water runoff from the site flows in intermittent streams
west and northwest and drains into the White River flood plain
less than 0.25 mile west of the site.

2.4.2          Site History

From approximately 1967 to 1971, Westinghouse disposed of
capacitors and PCB-contaminated rags and sawdust at the Neal's
Dump site.  Sandy materials were deposited on the fill material as
daily cover.  PCB-contaminated liquids were reportedly drained
from the capacitors by Westinghouse before the capacitors were
transported to Neal's Dump for disposal.  Westinghouse generated
an estimated 75 percent by volume of the wastes disposed of at the
Neal's Dump site (Davoli 1980).

In December 1983, Westinghouse removed capacitors from the surface
of the site and installed a clay cap, seeded the cap, and
installed a security fence.  Maintenance of the interim measure
includes surface drainage control and monitoring.   

2.4.3          Nature of Contamination
Past air, surface soil, subsurface soil, surface water, sediment,
and groundwater investigations have shown that PCBs are present at
concentrations of concern at the Neal's Dump site.  Table 2-4
summarizes the media and concentration ranges for these
contaminants of concern.  In addition, a variety of semivolatile
organic compounds (SVOC) were detected at low concentrations at
the site.  Although the SVOCs were detected at low concentrations,
they may potentially be present in contaminated media at higher
concentrations.   Appendix D presents a summary of all
contaminants detected during field investigations at the Neal's
Dump site. 

2.4.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements

Westinghouse is required to excavate all material within the
boundaries identified in Figure 2-4 down to the till layer,
including sandy materials deposited as daily cover.  An additional
2 feet of soil remaining after removal of all materials is also
required to be excavated and treated.  An estimated 14,000 yd3 of
materials is to be excavated from the Neal's Dump site.

2.5       NEAL'S LANDFILL

The following sections describe the Neal's Landfill site, its site
history, nature of contamination, and remediation requirements for
the site as specified in the CD.  

2.5.1          Site Description

The Neal's Landfill site (Figure 2-5) occupies approximately 18
acres in a rural area of Monroe County, Indiana.  The main fill
area measures approximately 150 by 300 yards.  Approximately 30 to
40 people live within a 0.5-mile radius of the site.  Residences
are present approximately 0.25 mile west and 0.5 mile north of the
site.  Immediately adjacent to the site on all sides are wooded
areas.  Richland Creek is located 1.5 miles northwest of the site.

Soils at the site consist of silty clay to approximately 31 feet
bgs.  The limestone that underlies the site contains sinkholes,
swallowholes, solution cavities, caves, seeps, and sinking or
disappearing streams and springs.  The limestone is composed of
shale interbeds and chert beds.  Bedrock at the site dips
northwest, contrary to the southwest trend of regional bedrock.

Discharges from two springs and a seep are handled by the
Westinghouse spring treatment facility during low-flow periods. 
During high-flow conditions, the total flow from two springs and
seep exceeds 1 cubic foot per second, and the discharge from the
springs flows directly to Conard's Branch.  The discharge from the
seep flows directly to the southwest seep branch.

Some residences rely on groundwater well supplies for drinking
water.  The water table is present at depths of up to 65 feet bgs. 
The number and depths of aquifers underlying the site are not
known.  Groundwater recharge is through sinkholes, swallowholes,
joint sets, and solution cavities that intersect the land surface
in the vicinity of the site.  Groundwater flow beneath the site
discharges to the surface at springs located within valleys
northwest and southwest of the site.

2.5.2          Site History

From 1950 to 1972, the Neal's Landfill site was used as an
industrial and municipal waste landfill.  No disposal operations
occurred at the site after 1972.  In 1966 and 1967, Westinghouse
disposed of undrained capacitors and PCB-contaminated rags and
sawdust at the landfill.  The landfill reportedly contains about 1
percent by volume PCB-contaminated wastes generated by
Westinghouse.  About 60 to 70 percent of the wastes at the site
were generated by other industries (Davoli 1980).  In September
1983, the site was included on the NPL.

In December 1983, Westinghouse removed capacitors from the surface
of the site and installed a clay cap, erosion control fences, a
security fence, and drainage control trenches.  Areas that were
visually inspected and appeared to be contaminated with
significant amounts of oil and wastes were covered with a clay cap
that was later seeded.

From the summer of 1987 until October 1988, Westinghouse excavated
sediment and stream banks from the headwaters of Conard's Branch
to Richland Creek.  Approximately 2,700 tons of sediment and 1,900
tons of stream bank were removed and transported to the ISF.  On
July 1, 1988, Westinghouse was issued a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit by IDEM requiring
Westinghouse to operate a spring treatment facility during low-
flow periods, sample the treatment facility's influent and
effluent twice a month, and submit monitoring reports once a
month.  In February 1990, Westinghouse completed construction and
began operation of the spring treatment system.  The PCB discharge
limit for the spring treatment facility was set at 1 ppb pursuant
to the CD.
2.5.3          Nature of Contamination

Past air, surface soil, surface water, sediment, and groundwater
investigations have shown that PCBs are present at concentrations
of concern at the Neal's Landfill site.  Table 2-5 summarizes the
media and concentration ranges for these contaminants of concern. 
In addition, a variety of VOCs and metals were detected at low
concentrations at the site.  Although the VOCs were detected at
low concentrations, they may potentially be present in
contaminated media at higher concentrations.  

Appendix D presents a summary of all compounds detected during
field investigations at the Neal's Landfill site.

2.5.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements

Westinghouse is required to excavate all materials within the
boundaries identified in Figure 2-5, including all solid waste and
an additional 2 feet of soil below the solid waste.  In areas
where less than 2 feet of soil underlie the solid waste,
Westinghouse is required to excavate all soil to bedrock.  In
addition, Westinghouse is required to excavate materials from the
five sinkholes shown in Figure 2-5 up to a maximum volume of 2,000
yd3.  If the material in the sinkhole exceeds a volume of 2,000
yd3, the CD allows Westinghouse to propose an alternative remedial
plan for the sinkholes.

The surface-eroded sediments shown in Figure 2-5 will be excavated
to a depth of 3 feet bgs.  Solid wastes and an additional 2 feet
of underlying soil will also be removed.  In areas where less than
2 feet of soil underlie the sediment, Westinghouse is required to
excavate all soil to bedrock.  According to the CD, 320,000 yd3 of
material is to be excavated from the Neal's Landfill site.

2.6       WINSTON-THOMAS SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

The following sections describe the Winston-Thomas Sewage
Treatment Plant site, its site history, nature of contamination,
and remediation requirements specified in the CD.  

2.6.1          Site Description

The Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant site (see Figure 2-6) is
an inactive sewage treatment plant located on the southwest side
of Bloomington and owned by the City of Bloomington.  The site
consists of a 17-acre tertiary treatment lagoon, two abandoned
sludge lagoons, three sludge drying beds, four digesters, a
trickling filter, and several buildings.  The 120- by 300-foot ISF
is located next to the site.  High schools are present within a
0.5- to 1.5-mile radius of the site.  The site is surrounded by
residential areas to the west and south and by commercial
developments to the north and east.  A residential area lies west
of the site beyond Clear Creek and the Illinois Central Railroad
tracks, which borders the site to the west.  Approximately 500
people live within a 1-mile radius of the site. The site is
located in the north to south trending valley of Clear Creek on a
nearly level to moderately sloping plateau.  Steep slopes are
located along the berm edges of the tertiary treatment lagoon.
 
The geology of the site consists of unconsolidated materials
underlain by limestone interbedded with shale and siltstone
bedrock.  The unconsolidated material consists of fill materials
and soil.  Two types of fill materials are present: general fill
and treatment process-related fill.  General fill is approximately
0.9 to 10 feet thick and consists of clay and silt mixed with
asphalt, ash concrete, gravel, nails, and roots.  The treatment
process-related fill includes the trickling filter media and
sludge in the tertiary lagoon, abandoned lagoons, drying beds, and
digesters.  Sludge from the tertiary treatment process has been
deposited in the tertiary lagoon.  The sludge overlies a 1- to 2-
foot thick clay liner that was placed during the construction of
the tertiary lagoon in 1967.  The tertiary lagoon has a berm of
silty clay.

The predominant soil throughout the site is a red-brown-yellow-
grey silty clay and clayey silt 2.5 to 9 feet thick.  Sand and
gravel associated with the flood plain and stream bed deposits of
Clear Creek and the former channel of Clear Creek are also present
at the site.The first bedrock unit underlying the site consists of 
interbedded grey limestone and shale 22 to 36 feet thick.  
Siltstone and dolomite lenses also occur throughout this bedrock 
unit.  The second layer is a confining layer that consists of 
dark gray, silty shale with pyrite specks.

The groundwater flow system in the site area includes recharge
areas, flow areas, and discharge areas.  Recharge is believed to
occur in the topographically higher areas east of the site. 
Beneath the site, groundwater is believed to flow predominantly in
bedding planes, fractures, and joints in the upper bedrock unit
and in the overlying unconsolidated material at some locations. 
Groundwater may flow within solution features, if present.  In the
northern portion of the site, groundwater flows more west-southwest, 
and in the central and southern areas of the site, it
trends south-southwest.

2.6.2          Site History

In November 1975, Westinghouse informed the City of Bloomington
that it had been discharging PCBs into the city sewer system. 
Samples collected from various locations at the plant confirmed
the presence of high concentrations of PCBs in sewage, tertiary
treatment lagoon clay and sludge, digester tanks, and the
trickling filter media at the plant.

In 1982, the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant site was shut
down, and a new sewage treatment plant was opened at the Dillman
Road Treatment Facility southwest of Bloomington.  In July 1986,
the Bloomington City Utilities Board approved temporary storage of
contaminated material in an ISF on city property at the former
Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant site.  Westinghouse
constructed the ISF after approval and receipt of all necessary
construction permits.

In November 1990, Westinghouse notified CD parties that water had
accumulated in three on-site, aboveground digester tanks and that
the tanks were close to overflowing.  Westinghouse removed and
decontaminated 410,000 gallons of PCB-contaminated water from the
digesters (ISDH 1994).  Sludges and solids were left in the
digester tanks.

2.6.3          Nature of Contamination

Past groundwater, surface water, soil boring, sludge, and sediment
investigations have shown that PCBs are present at concentrations
of concern at the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant site. 
Table 2-6 summarizes the media and concentration ranges for the
contaminant of concern.   Appendix D presents a summary of all
compounds detected during field investigations at the Winston-
Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant site. 

2.6.4          Phase II Remediation Requirements

According to the CD, Westinghouse is required to remove all water
and materials in the tertiary treatment lagoon identified in
Figure 2-6.  Prior to discharge to the Dillman Road Treatment
Facility, any water removed is required to be treated to remove
PCBs to a concentration established by the State of Indiana and
City of Bloomington pursuant to the authority granted to them
under state and federal law.  In addition, 6 inches of material
from the clay liner underlying the lagoon is to be removed.  Ten
inches of the clay liner within a 50-foot radius of Boring Hole
14, identified in Figure 2-6, is to be removed.

According to the CD, Westinghouse is required to excavate and
remove any solid waste and sludge in the sludge drying beds within
the boundaries identified in Figure 2-6 and an additional 2 feet
of soil below the sludge.  In addition, loose organic materials
from the trickling filter media is to be removed.  The trickling
filter media will be cleaned and redeposited in the filter and
covered.

According to the CD, the contents of the abandoned lagoons are to
be excavated to the top of the clay layer beneath the lagoon
within the boundaries identified in Figure 2-6.  In addition, 2
feet of additional soil underlying the contents of the abandoned
lagoons will be excavated.  Furthermore, solid waste in the
digester tanks will be removed.  Any sediments remaining in the
site piping system will be flushed with water using high-pressure
sewer cleaning equipment.  All flushings will be transported to
the tertiary treatment lagoon or other appropriate structure for
processing and removal of PCBs pursuant to state permit
requirements.  Westinghouse is required to plug the pipes after
flushing unless this plugging causes drainage problems. 

                                
According to the CD, an estimated 50,000 yd3 of contaminated
material is to be removed from the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment
Plant site.

2.7       SUMMARY OF MATERIALS TO BE TREATED

For the purposes of identifying and screening remedial
technologies, the contaminated materials at the six sites have
been divided into primary and secondary contaminated materials. 
Primary materials are materials that would be treated in the
proposed incinerator.  The following list presents the primary
types of contaminated material at the six sites that need to be
treated:

          Soil and rock
          Sludge
          Sediment
          Solid waste, including municipal waste, demolition
          waste, and industrial waste

 Other secondary types of contaminated material must also be
addressed.  These materials are considered secondary because they
will be treated using secondary support technologies instead of
the primary treatment technology.  These materials, which would
not normally be incinerated, include the following:

          Water from the lagoon at the Winston-Thomas Sewage
          Treatment Plant

          Water and pipes contaminated with PCBs located at the
          Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant

          Decontamination water from truck and equipment washing
          and runon and runoff captured during excavation
          activities

Evaluation of alternative treatment technologies for PCB-
contaminated material requires knowledge of the waste
characteristics, including the material's physical
characteristics, volume, and chemical characteristics of hazardous
substances in the material.  The sections below discuss the
general physical characteristics of the contaminated material at
the six sites, the estimated volume of each type of contaminated
material, and the chemical characteristics of primary contaminants
of concern in the contaminated materials.
2.7.1          Physical Characteristics of Contaminated Materials

Information about the physical characteristics of the contaminated
material is needed for several reasons.  First, the treatment
effectiveness of each of the remediation technologies evaluated in
this FS varies for different waste parameters such as moisture
content, organic content, and soil type.  In addition, some
technologies require a higher degree of pretreatment materials
handling than others.  For example, technologies such as solvent
extraction and thermal desorption have specific material sizing
requirements that must be met before the material can be treated
using these technologies.  Also, regulations prohibit some
contaminated materials from being treated using alternative
treatment technologies.  For example, capacitors containing
concentrations of PCBs of greater than 500 ppm must be incinerated
in accordance with TSCA, although exemptions are sometimes
applicable to small capacitors.

Limited data exists concerning the physical characteristics of
many of the contaminated materials at the six sites.  The sections
below summarize the known characteristics of the contaminated
materials.

2.7.1.1        Soil and Rock

In general, the soil and rock to be excavated consists of native
soils, clay liner material at the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment
Plant and other sites, and weathered bedrock.  Native soils
consist primarily of silty clay and silty loam material.  These
types of materials typically contain about 10 percent moisture and
have an in-place density of 1.35 tons/yd3 (Means 1994).  The
bedrock is primarily limestone and shale.  Because some of the
sites are believed to have been filled-in sinkholes and quarried
areas, large pieces of weathered bedrock may be encountered during
excavation.

2.7.1.2        Sludge

The sludge to be treated during Phase II remedial activities is
assumed to be primary and biological sludge from the Winston-
Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant.  Sludge is present in the tertiary
treatment lagoon, two abandoned lagoons, digester tanks, and the
three sludge drying beds.  The lagoon sludge would be conditioned
with polymer and dewatered before further treatment.  Although no
specific information is available concerning the physical
characteristics of the dewatered sludge, the physical makeup of
the sludge can generally be assumed to be similar to other sewage
treatment sludges.  The total solids content of the dewatered
sludge is estimated to be 30 percent.  Approximately 40 percent of
the total solids are volatile solids and 60 percent are
nonvolatile solids.

2.7.1.3        Sediment

The sediment to be treated during Phase II consists of stream
sediment from Stout Creek, Clear Creek, and Richland Creek and
surface-eroded sediment from the Neal's Landfill site.  The
sediment is commingled with stream bank soil and has been stored
in the ISF since 1987.  For the purpose of this FS, it is assumed
that the sediment will have the same moisture content and in-place
density as the site soils, which is estimated to be 10 percent and
1.35 tons/yd3, respectively.

2.7.1.4        Solid Waste

The solid wastes at the Bennett's Stone Quarry, Lemon Lane
Landfill, Neal's Dump, and Neal's Landfill sites are believed to
be very heterogenous and therefore difficult to physically
characterize.  According to the ISDH report, the PCB-contaminated
material was codisposed of with other landfill wastes (ISDH 1994). 
The Lemon Lane Landfill and Neal's Landfill sites were operated as
municipal landfills and are therefore expected to contain typical
municipal wastes as well as industrial and demolition wastes. 
Municipal waste landfills typically contain 60 percent municipal
wastes, 30 percent industrial wastes, and 10 percent demolition
wastes (Tchobanoglous and others 1977).  The Bennett Stone Quarry
and Neal's Dump sites were operated primarily as open dumps and
are therefore expected to contain mostly industrial and demolition
wastes.  For the purpose of this FS, it is assumed that the
Bennett Stone Quarry and Neal's Dump sites contain about 75
percent industrial wastes and 25 percent demolition waste.  
Municipal waste may include the following waste types:

          Food wastes

          Paper and cardboard

          Plastics

          Textiles and leather

          Wood

          Glass

          Metal wastes (including tin cans and aluminum)

          Leaves and other yard wastes

          Consumer electronics (televisions, for example)

          White goods and other appliances (refrigerators, for
          example)

          Batteries

          Oil

          Tires

          Household hazardous wastes

          Animal carcasses
     

The general components and proximate analysis of typical municipal
solid wastes are presented in Tables 2-7 and 2-8, respectively. 
For the purposes of this FS, the municipal solid wastes are
assumed to have a bulk density of 0.5 tons/yd3 (Tchobanoglous and
others 1977).  Flammable materials such as paper and wood were
combusted before final disposal at some sites; therefore, some
sites may have smaller fractions of flammable materials than
indicated in Table 2-7.

Industrial wastes may include the following waste types:

          PCB capacitors

          Drums containing inorganic and organic product and
          waste

          Laboratory waste

          Discarded industrial equipment

          Low-level radioactive mixed waste

          Fly ash

          Industrial absorbents and rags

          Ceramics

          Street sweepings

          Miscellaneous metal objects

Testimony from a Westinghouse waste hauler indicates that three or
four types of capacitors were disposed of at the sites (excluding
the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant).  The largest
capacitors were rectangular and measured 4 inches by 14 inches by
24 inches, and the smallest capacitors measured 12 inches high and
9 inches in diameter (Davoli 1980).  The waste hauler also
indicated that before 1967, Westinghouse disposed of capacitors
without draining the oil.  However, Westinghouse began draining
the oil from the capacitors in 1967.  The waste hauler reported
that the Neal's Landfill site received undrained capacitors and
that the Neal's Dump site received drained capacitors.

The general components and proximate analysis of the industrial
wastes at the Neal's Landfill site cannot be predicted with the
information available.  For the purposes of this FS, the
industrial wastes are assumed to have a bulk density of 1.0
tons/yd3.

Demolition wastes typically consist of construction debris such as
broken concrete, reinforced concrete, wood, pipes, roofing
materials, and sheet metal.  For the purposes of this FS, the
demolition wastes are assumed to have a bulk density of 1.5
tons/yd3 and a negligible moisture content.

2.7.2          Volume of Contaminated Materials

Volume estimates for the various types of contaminated material at
each of the six CD sites were calculated using available site
information and the total waste volumes presented in the CD for
the six sites.  Table 2-9 presents the volumes of the primary
types of contaminated materials at each of the sites.  Appendix A
presents the detailed contaminated material volume calculations.

2.7.3 Chemical Characteristics of Primary Contaminants of Concern

For the purposes of this FS, the primary contaminants of concern
at the six sites are PCBs.  Dioxins and furans, which are
typically found in conjunction with PCBs and are highly toxic,
have also been detected at some of the sites.  They are also
therefore considered primary contaminants of concern.  Other
contaminants have been detected at concentrations of concern
(ISDH); however, the CD did not establish cleanup standards or
goals for these contaminants.  Therefore, this FS does not address
remediation of other contaminants of concern but generally
considers the contaminants' impact on the effectiveness and 
implementation of treatment technologies for PCB-contaminated
material.  This section presents background information on the
chemical identity and the chemical and physical properties of PCBs
and dioxins and furans.  These physical and chemical parameters
are important when evaluating remedial technologies such as
thermal desorption, solvent extraction, and soil washing.

2.7.3.1        Polychlorinated Biphenyls

A PCB is any one of 209 compounds of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and
chlorine (Cl) described by the general formula C12HxCly, where x =
0 to 9 and y = 10 - x.  PCBs are produced by chlorination of the
biphenyl compound, which has 10 positions (labeled 2-6 and 2 -6 
below): [this figure not reproduced on the BBS]

Commercial PCBs were produced by collecting boiling point
fractions during distillation of chlorinated biphenyl mixtures. 
Most PCBs manufactured in the United States were produced by
Monsanto Chemical Company under the trademark "Aroclor."  Each
Aroclor is assigned a four-digit number.  For most PCB Aroclors
such as Aroclor 1242, the first two numbers indicate the 12
carbons in the biphenyl ring, and the last two numbers indicate
the weight percent of chlorine.  Aroclor 1016, which is similar to
Aroclor 1242, was not named in accordance with the standard
convention.

Table 2-10 presents the molecular weight, boiling point range,
vapor pressure, and vaporization rate for various Aroclors.  These
parameters are important when evaluating the thermal desorption
technology.  For example, soil temperature in the thermal
desorption processor must exceed the boiling point of the
chemical.  In general, the boiling point range increases and the
vapor pressure and vaporization rate decrease with increasing
molecular weight.  The predominant Aroclors detected at the CD
sites are Aroclors 1016, 1042, and 1248.

2.7.3.2        Dioxins and Furans

Dioxins and furans are typically detected in conjunction with
certain precursor compounds such as PCBs.  A dioxin is any of a
family of compounds known chemically as dibenzo-p-dioxins.  Each
of these compounds has as a nucleus a triple-ring structure
consisting of two benzene rings interconnected to each other
through a pair of oxygen atoms, as shown below: [this figure not
reproduced on the BBS]

Each of the substituent positions, numbers 1 through 4 and 6
through 9, can hold a Cl or other halogen atom, an organic
radical, or an H atom.  The only structural differences in members
of the dioxin family are in the nature and position of
substituents.

Dibenzofuran is an organic compound that contains two benzene
rings fused to a central furan ring.   Polychlorinated
dibenzofurans are a class of organic compounds in which one to
eight Cl atoms are attached to the benzene ring positions of a
dibenzofuran structure.  The general chemical structure for
chlorinated dibenzofurans with the numbering system for the Cl
substituents is as follows: [this figure not reproduced for the
BBS]

Because of the toxicity of dioxins and furans, experiments to
measure the chemical parameters of the compounds have been
limited; therefore, the values of these chemical parameters are
not well known.  A vapor pressure correlation method, however, has
been used to estimate the boiling points (Rordorf 1989).  The
estimated boiling points are presented in Table 2-11.

The adsorption coefficient (Koc) of a compound is important when
evaluating the relative difficulty of removing contaminants from
wastes.  Koc is a measure of the tendency of a compound to adsorb
to the organic carbon in soils.  The Koc of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated 
dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (4.7 x 105) indicates
that it is strongly sorbed to soils; however, the Koc is somewhat
reduced under alkaline conditions and when other contaminants such
as waste oil are present (Puri and others 1989).  Its high Koc
combined with its very low water solubility makes 2,3,7,8-TCDD
very immobile in most soils (Puri and others 1989).  It could be
assumed that other dioxins and furans have similar
characteristics.  The high Koc value of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and
presumably of all dioxins and furans, indicates that they are
strongly sorbed to the organic fraction of soil.