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BERGMANN USA
(Soil and Sediment Washing)

This vendor is participating in the EPA Superfund Innovative 
Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program.  The following technology 
profile has been reproduced from the SITE Technology Profile 
document, 7th edition.  The SITE profile has been supplemented by 
MVA Consulting Inc. using information obtained from the vendor or 
from other SITE publications, referenced at the end of this file. 

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TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION:

The Bergmann USA soil and sediment washing technology separates
contaminated particles by density and grain size (see photograph
below).  The technology operates on the hypothesis that most
contamination is concentrated in the fine particle fraction (-63
micron fines), and that contamination of larger particles is
generally not extensive.

After contaminated soil is screened to remove coarse rock and
debris, water and chemical additives such as surfactants, acids,
bases, and chelants, are added to the soil to produce a slurry
feed.  The slurry feed flows to an attrition scrubbing machine. 
A rotary trammel screen, dense media separators, cyclone separa-
tors, and other equipment create mechanical and fluid shear
stress, removing contaminated silts and clays from granular soil
particles.  Different separation processes then create the
following four output streams:  1) coarse clean fraction; 2)
enriched fine fraction; 3) separated contaminated humic; and 4)
process wash water.  The coarse clean fraction material, which
measures 45  m (greater than 325 mesh), can be used as backfill
or recycled for concrete, masonry, or asphalt sand application. 
The enriched fine fraction, measuring less that 45  m is prepared
for subse-quent treatment, immobilization, destruction or
regulated disposal.  Separated contaminated humic materials
(leaves, twigs, roots, grasses, wood chips) are dewatered and
require subse-quent treatment or disposal.  The process wash
water is treated by flocculation/sedimentation, oil/water
separation, and/or dissolved air flotation to remove solubilized
heavy metal fractions.  The treated process wash water is then
returned to the plant for re-use operations.  Upflow
classification and separation, also known as elutriation,
separates light contaminated specific gravity materials such as
contaminated leaves, twigs, roots, or wood chips.

WASTE APPLICABILITY:

This washing technology is suitable for treating soils and
sediment contaminated with polychlori-nated biphenyls (PCB).  The
soil and sediment technology has been applied to soils and
sediments 
contaminated with organics and heavy metals, including
cadmium, chromium, lead, creosote, copper, cyanides, fuel
residues, mercury, heavy petroleum, lead, nickel, PCBs,
radionuclides, and zinc.

STATUS:

This technology was accepted into the SITE Demonstration Program
in winter 1991.  It was demonstrated in Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
in April 1992 (see Toronto Harbour Commissioners profile in this
document), and Saginaw, Michigan, in May 1992.  Twenty-eight
commercial systems, ranging up to 350 tons per hour, have been
applied at contaminated waste sites.  The Applications Analysis
Report and Technology Evaluation Report for the demonstration in
Saginaw, Michigan, will be available in late 1994.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:

EPA PROJECT MANAGER:
Jack Hubbard
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH  45268
513-569-7507
Fax: 513-569-7620

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER CONTACT:
Richard Traver
Bergmann USA
1550 Airport Road
Gallatin, TN  37066-3739
615-230-2217Fax: 615-452-5525
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Sources of information in this profile:

EPA Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program 
        Technology Profiles Seventh Edition, November 1994. 
        EPA/540/R-94/526.


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