Amendment No. 1 to Final Mini Quality Assurance Project Plan and Remedy 
Development Activities at the Lemon Lane Landfill

Prepared for the EPA by 
EARTH TECH
May 1995, Amended October 1996

PRELIMINARY DRAFT - SUBJECT TO REVISION
   

INTRODUCTION
   
The purpose of this amendment is to expand the scope of oversight activities to be conducted
at the Lemon Lane Landfill site. Westinghouse has agreed to install 25 test borings in the
landfill, install piezometers, and obtain waste and soil samples for PCB anaIyses to evaluate the
extent of PCB "hot spots" in the landfill. Earth Tech will conduct oversight of all
Westinghouse investigations as directed by the WAM. Concurrent with Westinghouse
activities, seven test borings (as requested by the City of Bloomington and Indiana
Department of Environmental Management) will be installed by EARTH TECH to evaluate 
the possibility of the existence of PCB "hot spots" in other suspect areas.
   
To include the additional work to be covered under the Mini-QAPP, the following sections
 are herein amended.
   
Section 1.2.1 Summary of Oversight Activities (new Section)
   
Section 4.2.1 Sampling Procedures (new Section)
   
Figure 1-5 Boring Location Map (new Figure)
   
Table B-11 Surnrnary Test Boring Soil and Waste Sampling and
   
Analysis Program, Lemon Lane Landfill (new Table)
   
Table B-12 Summary Test Boring, Liquid Sampling and Analysis
   
Program, Lemon Lane Landfill (new Table)
   
Appendix D Standard Operating Procedures A-12, A- 19, A-29 (new
   Appendix)
   
   
1.2.1 OVERSIGHT OF HOT SPOT lNVESTIGATION
   
Westinghouse has agreed to install 25 test borings (Figure 1-5, Borings SB-1 through
 SB-25) at Lemon Lane Landfill through the buried waste and into natural soils
 below the waste. The purposes of this phase of the Westinghouse investigations 
are to:
   
*    Evaluate the horizontal and vertical extent of PCB contamination in the known
      hot spot areas.

     *evaluate PCB contamination in the two sinkholes at the site,
   
     *evaluate the electromagnetic survey anomalies for PCB contamination, and
   
     *evaluate the potential for hot spot material to be RCRA characteristic waste.
   
Westinghouse will obtain composites for PCB analyses of 2 and 4 foot sample intervals.
Each test boring will be continuously sampled.

Earth Tech will conduct oversight of "key" activities as requested by the WAM. All
oversight activities will be conducted and documented as specified in Section 1.2 (Summary
of Oversight Activities). The oversight activities include obtaining splits of natural soil
samples collected below the waste from three of the eight test borings located in the two
sinkhole areas on site (Figure 1-5). Table B-ll in Appendix B summarizes the sample
matrix, analytical parameters, DQOs and frequency of sample collection. These soil samples
will be submitted to the Region 5 CRL for SAS Pesticide/PCB analyses using Method SW-
846-8081, and to a Region 5 contracted lab for SAS Dioxin/Furan analyses.
The oversight activities also include obtaining liquid samples, if present, from the bottom of
4 of the deep borings located in the two sinkholes. If liquids are encountered, samples will
be obtained using dedicated bailers (SOP A-12, Appendix D) through the hollow stem augers
prior to closure of the test boring. These liquid samples will be sent to a CLP lab as
scheduled by Region 5 for TCL organics and TAL inorganic analyses, and to a Region 5
contract lab for SAS Dioxin/Furan analyses. Table B-12 in Appendix B summarizes the
sample matrix, analytical parameters, DQOs and frequency of sample collection.

In addition to oversight of Westingnouse activities, EARTH TECH, at the direction of the
WAM, will install seven test borings (Figure 1-5, Borings SB-26 through SB-32) through the
waste and into the top of natural soil below the waste. Waste and natural soil will be
continuously sampled with split barrel samplers (SOP A-19, Appendix D). The seven boring
locations were selected by the City of Bloomington and the Indiana Department of
Environmental Management for the purpose of investigating the possibility of the occurrence
of PCB contamination in suspect areas, particularly, along old access roads, along surface
drainage areas, and in areas in close proximity to known or suspected PCB contamination. It
is estimated that the seven test borings will average 20 feet or less in depth, and that about 10
samples will be collected from each boring for PCB analysis.
   

 4.2.1  LANDlILL SAMPLING PROCEDURES 

The seven test borings will be advanced using hollow stem auger drilling and samples will be
obtained using a 2-foot split-barrel (SOP A-19, Appendi~c D) or direct push techniques. All
borings will be carefully advanced, through the interim cap covering the landfi11, to minimize
damage to the cap. The cap consists of a 36 mil Hypalon cover overlying 6 inches to 5 feet
soil, which overlies a 15 rnil Typar stabilization fabric. Sampling will begin once the
boring has penetrated the Typar fabric. Sampling will continue through the waste to natural
soil material below the waste. If an obstruction is encountered preventing full penetration,
the boring will be offset and redrilled.
Auger cuttings will be temporarily stored on plastic and placed in the boring after completion
of sampling. The bottom of each boring (that section below waste) will be plugged with
bentonite. After each boring has been backfilled, the Hypalon cover will be repaired to
prevent infiltration of water into the waste.
Upon retrieval of each 2-foot split-barrel sample, the sampling device will be opened and the
contents described on standard boring logs. The 2-foot sample will be homogenized, placed
in an appropriate container for shipment to the CRL for Pesticide/PCB analysis using
Method SW846-8081. Duplicate and matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate samples will be
obtained as described in Section 4.2 (Sampling Procedures). Sample custody procedures are
described in Section 5.0 (Sample Custody), including field logbook and documentation
procedures. Table 4-1 provides the requirements for sample containers, preservation,
shipping and packaging. 

All drilling and sampling equipment that comes in contact with waste or soil from below the 
cap will be decontaminated as specified in SOP A-29 (Appendix D).
  

MONITORING WELL PURGING AND SAMPLING
   
BAILER METHOD
   
SCOPE
   
Obtain a representative sample of the ground water from the formation in which the well screen
has been placed.
   
METHOD SUMMARY
   
Ground water is withdrawn from a monitoring well with a bailer, and transferred to the
appropriate equipment or containers. Prior to sampling, the well is purged of standing water,
using the same bailer. The procedures for determining the static water level and the volume of
water standing in the well are given in SOPs A-24 and A-26, respectively.
  
EQUIPMENT/INSTRUMENTS

* Water level tape (electric or steel) 
*Cable or rope (dedicated, one per well; material type as as required by plan/manager)
*Bailers (dedicated, one per well; material type as required by plan/manager)
*Calculator 
* Well keys
 *Container for purge water (if required)
   
MATERIALS/REAGENTS/PREREQUISITE DATA
*Detailed well location map 
*Total well depth data
 *Disposable gloves 
* Sample containers & labels 
* Previous water level data 
*Static water level
*Order of the well sampling (per work plan/project manager)
*Calculated well casing volume
*Chain-of-Custody record forms
   
Refer to SOP A-24 for determining the static water level in a monitoring well.
Refer to SOP A-26 for calculating the volume of standing water in a well casing.
   
All bailers and cables will be decontaminated and wrapped in clear plastic sleeves before
being taken to the ffeld.


PROCEDURES
   
1. Unlock each well and remove cap. Care must be taken not to mix the caps up. The caps
    should be placed near the well on a clean area, such as a small piece of plastic. Inspect the
    condition of the well(s).
   
2. Purge the well with a clean or dedicated bailer and cable. Concentrate the purging effort at
    the air/water interface. (Refer to SOPs A-24 and A-26 determination of static water level,
    and calculation of purge volume.) Do not allow bailer or cable to contact ground or other
    potentially contaminated surfaces. Raise and lower the bailer in the well with smooth,
    controlled motions. Do not allow the bailer to free fall, and avoid sudden' jerky motions.

   
3. Record the amount of water actually purged and what was done with the purge water.
   Record the identification number of the bailer used.
  
 4. Collect the ground water sample with the bailer.
  
 5. Fill the sample container(s) by pouring water from the bailer into the appropriate
   container(s). Collect VOC samples first, then SVOCs, then others, as required. If filtration
   is required, reserve an aliquot of water in a clean container for processing prior to transfer to
   the final sample container. Do not allow sample containers or lids to contact potentially
   contaminated surfaces.
   
6. Seal the container(s).
   
7. If the container is a VOC vial, turn the full container upside down and tap it lightly. Watch
   for air bubbles. If air is present in the bottle, add more water and recap, again checking for
   the presence of air bubbles.
   
8. Label the sample container(s) and place in a cooler with ice for transport to the laboratory.
   
9. Replace bailer and cable in plastic sleeve and mark "USED" on sleeve with an indelible
   marker.
   
10. Install well cap, and lock the well.
   
In wells which do not readily recover, it may be unreasonable to purge an arbitrarily prescribed
volume prior to sampling. In these cases, a field judgment must be made as to what is a
"reasonable" amount of time to spend in securing the sample. In a well that can be bailed 
dry, it is acceptable to purge the well dry, wait for the well to recover, and take a sample. 
Keep good records of the volume of water actually purged and estimate the recovery time for the
well. The purpose of purging is to remove all the static water from the well. In a well that is
bailed dry, that objective is obtained after after the well is initially bailed dry.
   
QUALITY CONTROL
   
Each well will be sampled with a clean, dedicated bailer.
   
Samples will be processed and/or contained only in new or appropriately decontaminated
equipment and containers.
   
Well caps, bailers, cables, and container lids will not be placed in contact with any potentially
contaminated surface.
   
Sample custody will be maintained through use of a Chain-of-Custody record form.
  
 Purge water will be properly handled per applicable regulations and work plans.
   

RECORDS/REPORTING
   
Record all observations, measurements, and activities on the appropriate forms or in a log book.
Include the following information.
   
*Date and time of sampling
*Project name, number, and location
*General weather conditions
*Name and responsibility of each person involved, including WWES personnel, client
   representative(s), regulatory observer(s) and/or visitor(s), as applicable
 *Description/identification of all equipment used
 *Accurate description of sample location
 *All measurements, and accomplishments, and observations including noticeabe 
discoloration or odor in the water
*Any difficulties encountered
* Disposition of purge water
* General condition of well
  
Record all samples on a Chain-of-Custody form, completed prior to, and included in the 
sample shipment.


HEALTH AND SAFETY
   
Potential health and safety concerns during monitoring well sampling include the 
following.
  
* Exposure to extreme weather conditions
* Exposure to environmental contaminants
* Exposure to chemical reagents used as sample preservatives
 *Slip, trip and fall hazards
 *Exposure to insects, rodents, snakes, etc.

Sampling personnel should use appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in a site
   health and safety plan.

   
SPLIT SPOON SAMPLING

Obtain soil samples for identification and classification from specified intervals.
   
Collect soil samples for laboratory analyses, if required.
   
METHOD DESCRIPTlON
   
Soil samples are collected with a split-spoon or split-barrel sampling device. The samples may
be used to determine the physical soil characteristics and/or for chemical analyses. The sampling
method is described by ASTM Method D-1586 and is summarized in this SOP.
 
The split spoon technique uses a standard 2-inch diameter split-barrel device to retrieve a sample
of soil material from a previously selected interval. The split spoon is driven into undisturbed
soil below a hollow stem auger with a 140 lb. weight free-falling a distance of 30 inches. The
split spoon is returned to the surface; opened, and the sample is collected. The standard split
spoon for geotechnical studies is 18 inches long. Environmental investigations may be
performed with 18 or 24 inch split spoons.
   
During a geotechnical study (i.e., a study designed to determine the compressive strength of the
soil for the purpose of new building construction) split spoon samples are usually collected at
the rate of one sample per 2.5-foot interval in the first 10 feet below grade and one sample per
5-foot interval thereafter, to the bottom of the boring. During an environmental investigation soil
samples are collected from depths most likely to show environmental effects based on an
evaluation of the known or suspected contaminants, the characteristics of the soils, and other
variables that may affect a particular site.
   
EQUIPMENT/INSTRUMENTS
   
*Drilling and sampling devices (usually provided by subcontractor)
 *Decontamination equipment 
*Sampling tools (spatula, knife, etc.)
*Air monitoring equipment
*Ruler or measuring tape  (if required)
   
MATERIALS/REAGENTS/PREREQUISITE DATA
*Boring locations 
*Sample intervals
*Boring log forms  
*Sample containers & labels
*Dilute HC1 
*Disposable gloves
*Personal protective equipment   (if required) 
*Containers for drill cuttings (if required) 
*Munsell color chart for soil
*Chain-of-Custody record forms


PROCEDURE
   
PREPARATION
   
Prior to each use, split-spoons should be washed in a detergent solution and rinsed with potable
water. This is easily accomplished by immersing the spoons in wash and rinse solutions prepared
in buckets.
   
If a split spoon is to be used to collect a sample for chemical analysis, additional
decontamination and preparation may be required. Refer to project management personnel
and/or project-specific Work Plans for details. Refer to SOP A-29 for decontamination
procedures. If a soil sample will be collected for analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs), install the appropriate liner tubes in the split spoon following decontamination of the
split spoon.
   
COLLECTION OF SAMPLES FOR PHYSICAL EVALUATION (GEOTECHNICAL)
   
1. Locate each boring by physical measurement (distances and/or angles) to permanent objects,
   or by grid coordinates, and plot each location on a sketch map or base map.
   
2. Advance the boring to the desired sampling depth.
   
3. Attach the split-spoon sampling device to the bottom end of the drilling rods and gently
   lower it to the bottom of the borehole.
   
4. Drive the split spoon into the undisturbed soil below the lead auger. The split spoon should
   be advanced 18 or 24 inches (depending on the length of the spoon), unless refusal occurs.
   
5. Record the number of blows required to drive the sampler for each 6-inch increment. If the
   soil is particularly hard and the blow counts are in excess of 100 blows per 6 inches, a split
   spoon may not be capable of obtaining the sample. To avoid damaging the sampling device,
   terminate the sampling attempt, record observations, and advance the augers to the next
   sample interval.
  
6. Bring the split spoon back to the ground surface after it has been driven over the sample
   interval.
   
7. Open the split spoon. If samples are to be collected for chemical analysis, refer to
   procedures in the next section of this SOP
   
8. Visually inspect the sample and describe it accurately and completely on a soil boring log
   form, if required.
   
Residual soil from within the augers may become entrained in the split spoon during sampling;
hence, the upper portion of soil in the split spoon may be disturbed or not representative of the
targeted sample interval. The upper portion should be observed, but field judgment should be
used as to whether it is representative of the sample interval. The upper portion should not be
collected for lab analyses.
   
COLLECTION OF SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (ENVIRONMENTAL)
   
9. Collect and screen a sample for organic vapors (if required). (Refer to SOP A-34).
   
10. Deter nine the sampling interval, either by identifying soil that is most likely to be affected
   by environmental contaminants based on screening results and visual observations or by
   reference to project-specific Work Plans. Collect samples into the appropriate containers. If
   liner tubes are used, the tubes serve as the container. Remove the tubes from the split spoon,
   install end caps and label the tube. Indicate complete sample identification in accordance
   with project specifications, and identify "top" and "bottom" of tube. If liner tubes are not
   used, transfer soil from the split spoon to the appropriate containers using a clean tool..
   Collect samples to be analyzed for volatile organic compounds first, followed by samples for
   semi-volatile then inorganics.
   

INTERFERENCES
   
Sampling objectives may be compromised by any of the following circumstances.
 
*Physical obstructions to sample collection
*Improper decontamination
* Poor sample recovery
*Cross contamination with other soil during split spoon driving/recovery, or during
   sample inspection/collection
   
QUALITY CONTROL
   
All soil boring well construction data will be recorded on the standard well/boring log forms.
   
All tools and material used in subsurface applications will be properly decontaminated prior to
each use.
   
Soil boring installation and soil sampling will be performed at locations identified, and using
procedures described, in approved work plans or proposals, where applicable. Any variations
will be discussed with, and alternatives approved by, the project manager prior to
implementation.
   
Soil cuttings, development water, and other byproducts or waste materials generated during
sampling activities will be properly handled per applicable regulations and work plans.
   
Potable water used during drilling and sampling may be sampled for selected chemical analyses
prior to use, if required.
   .
   
RECORDS/REPORTING
   
Record all observations, measuremen-ts and accomplishments on the appropriate forms or log
book. Field notes should include the following information.

*Date and time of observation/activity
*Project name, number, and location
*General weather conditions
*Name and responsibility of each person involved, including EARTH TECH personnel,
   client representative(s), regulatory observer(s) and/or visitor(s), as applicable
*Description of equipment and material used (HSA diameter; type of sampler)
*Location of boring
* Depth intervals and physical description of soil samples
*Air monitoring data, if monitored
*Any unusual features observed, difficulties encountered, etc.
   
HEALTH AND SAFETY
   
Potential health and safety concerns during soil boring and split spoon sampling include the
following.
   
*Exposure to extreme weather conditions
*Overhead and underground utilities
*Overhead obstructions/falling objects
*Excessive noise
*Exposure to environmental contaminants
   
Sampling activities should be conducted in accordance with an approved site health and safety
plan.
   
REFERENCES
   
ASTM, 1985. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 4.08, pp. 298-303 (Method 
1586-84). American Society for Testing and Materialsj Philadelphia, PA, March, 1985.


DECONTAMINATION OF SAMPLING EQUIPMENT

SCOPE
   
Decontaminate sampling equipment to be used in the collection of environmental samples for
chemical analyses.
   
METHOD DESCRIPTION
   
This SOP describes procedures for decontamination of split-spoon sampling devices, temporary
well materials, augers, water sampling pumps, tubing, bailers, dippers, scoops, and other non-
dedicated equipment used for obtaining samples for field or laboratory analyses. These
 procedures are intended to minimize incidents of cross-contamination between successive
samples in a given investigation, and between successive investigative sites.
   
Decontamination procedures vary depending on parameter types and characteristics. Specific
procedures are given herein for inorganic parameters and for organic parameters.
Decontamination procedures apply . to equipment which may come in contact with these
parameter types, whether the parameters are present within a soil or water matrix or as a "free"
liquid.
   
EQUIPMENT/INSTRUMENTS
   
Pressure washer (hot water-high pressurellow volume) or steam cleaner as required

*High pressure wand
*Hose(s)
*Brushes
*Sprayer (garden/weed type) 
*Squirt bottle
*Containers for spent solutions (if required)
   
MATERIALS/REAGENTS/PREREQUISITE DATA
   
Alconox detergent 
*Disposable gloves
*Solvents or acids, if required 
*Deionized water
   
PROCEDURE
DECONTAMINATION FREQUENCY 
   
With a few exceptions to be mentioned, all named equipment should receive the same kind of
   decontamination.
   
All augers and other equipment provided by the contractor should be decontaminated upon
arrival at the site. Equipment provided by EARTH TECH that has not been decontaminated and
suitably protected before and during transport to the site also should be decontaminated upon
arrival.
   
All down-hole drilling tools should be decontaminated prior to use at each boring location. Soil
samplers (e.g., split spoons, continuous samplers, etc.) should be decontaminated thoroughly
prior to each collection of a laboratory analytical sample. Samplers should be washed with a
detergent solution and rinsed with tap water prior to collection of any other samples (e.g., soil
for visual examination/classification). Temporary well materials, as well as pumps and bailers
used for well development or redevelopment should be decontaminated before each use.
   
METHODS
   
Specific procedures are described in the following sections. In general, wash and rinse "heavy
equipment" such as drilling augers, rods, split barrel samplers, etc. using a pressure washer.
Wash "hand tools" such as hand augers, shovels, scoops, spatulas, etc. manually in a bath by
immersion with agitation or scrubbing and rinse by immersion or spraying. Only those tools
coming into direct contact with the medium to be sampled need be subjected to the solvent
rinses described. Decontamination of other equipment (e.g., augers used to advance a boring for
split-spoon sampling of soil) may be limited to a detergent wash and tap water rinse.
   
ORGANIC PARAMETERS

Wash equipment with a non-phosphate detergent solution (e.g., Alconox and water). Tap water
may be used as feed water; however, be sure the feed water is taken from a public water supply
or a source of known and approved quality. Ensure that all parts of the equipment subject to
decontamination come in contact with the solution either by directing the sprayer appropriately
or by immersion and scrubbing.
   
Rinse equipment with water from the same source as that used in making the detergent solution.
   
Rinse equipment with deionized water
   
Rinse equipment with reagent-grade acetone (*)
   
Rinse with pesticide-grade hexane or methyl alcohol (*)
   
(*) If either acetone, hexane or methyl alcohol is a target analytical parameter for the
investigation, select an alternative solvent. Refer to project management personnel and project-
specific work plans for selection criteria.
   
Allow equipment to air-dry


INORGANIC PARAMETERS
  
Wash equipment with a detergent shlution, either by bathing the equipment in a tub or by
spraying equipment with a pressure washer. Scrub with brushes if necessary.
   
Rinse equipment with dilute (O. 1N) hydrochloric acid or dilute nitric acid.
  
Rinse with tap water
   
Rinse with deionized water.
   
If decontaminated equipment must be stored prior to use, place it in new plastic bags or wrap it
in new plastic sheeting.
   
ON-SITE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF DECONTAMINATION FLUIDS
   
Store all fresh and spent decontamination fluids in appropriately labeled containers with proper
 spill control/containment, and adequate security.
   
Properly dispose of all decontamination liquids. Refer to project management personnel, project-
specific work plans or similar specifications for appropriate management of these materials. All
procedures implemented should be in conformance with applicable environmental rules and
civil codes, client directives and project-specific work plans and health and safety plans.
   
RECOMMENDATIONS
The following suggestions provide for a more efficient decontamination system; however,
specific characteristics of each project will limit the applicability of some or all
recommendations. The specific decontamination program should first follow approved work
plans and/or project-specific guidelines, and maximize the use of these recommendations. 

Detergent solution, DI water and reagents may be prepared in, stored in and dispensed from
sprayers or squirt bottles. In this manner, each decontamination fluid remains clean. Tap water
may be handled similarly; however, continuous flow from the tap is preferred.
   
If any decontamination solution must be prepared in a tank or tub, and decontamination is
performed by immersion/bathing, the following general guidelines should be considered in order
to minimize the need for changing the solutions.
 
*Wash cleaner (less soiled or "oily") equipment first.
*Have several of each tool on hand, where practical, to save decontamination time and to
   allow washing equipment in a batch.
  
If a tap water bath is used change the tap water when it first shows discoloration, floating debris,
or foaming tendencies due to soap-carryover. T vo tap water baths in series, changing out both
when the second bath reaches the above condition, will minimize changes.
   
Detergent solutions should be changed at least as frequently as the rinse bath, or more frequently
if the solution shows a slick that is other than detergent film. Change the detergent solution
when it no longer generates foam with moderate agitation. Personal judgment also may be used
to determine the need for fresh solution due to an accumulation of suspended clay or silt. Have
sufficient containment capacity on hand to be able to change solutions "more" frequently rather
than "less".
   
REFERENCES
   
U.S. EPA, 1991. Chapter 11 (Final Draft)  Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846) . U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste, Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., October, 1991.